states. obstructive lung disease, myasthenia gravis, hypersensitivity to medication, severe hepatic failure. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the recommended dose for adults No Abnormality Detected the therapeutic dose for patients weighing 70 kg, as typically is 450 - 600 mg / day (150 mg 3 g / day or 300 mg, 2 g / day) in some cases may require increase daily dose to 900 mg (300 mg 3 g / day) - MDD, patients with lower body weight to reduce the dose; increase the recommended dose gradually, at intervals of 3-4 days, the duration of treatment is determined by the clinical condition of the patient. Dosing and Administration of drugs: SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiya - dosage should be chosen individually by titration in which Iron step contains a loading dose and subsequent dose supportive, always loading dose of 500 mg / kg (0.05 ml / kg at concentrations of 10 mg / ml), which is introduced for 1 min, supporting effective dose drug for the treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR tahiarytmiyi years 50-200 mg / kg / min, although used and such high doses, 300 mg / kg / min.; for a small number of patients sufficient dose is 25 mg / kg / min; scheme beginning of treatment and maintenance therapy - Loading Endomyocardial Fibrosis of 500 mg / kg / min for 1 min, then maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min for 4 min, with a positive result - maintenance dose 50 mg / kg / min., with negative results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min for 1 min to improve the supportive dosage to 100 mg / kg / min for 4 min, a positive result - maintenance dose of 100 ug / kg / min., with negative results within 5 minutes - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min years 1 min; sustaining dose increase to 150 mg / kg / min for 4 min, a positive result: the introduction of a maintenance dose of 150 mg / kg / min., with negative results - repeat administration with dosages of 500 mg / kg / min for 1 min to improve the supportive dose to 200 mg / kg / min and keep at that years while achieving the desired degree of reduction in heart rate or ceiling security to stop the introduction of loading dose and dosing interval to reduce the base maintenance of the introduction of the 50 mg / kg / min to 25 mg / kg / min or even lower, if necessary, the interval between titration steps can be increased from 5 to 10 minutes, with emergence of adverse events can reduce dose or stop the introduction, pharmacological adverse reactions should stopped for 30 minutes. Method of production of drugs: Table., Coated tablets, 150 mg, 300 mg. Method of production of drugs: Mr injection, 10 mg / ml to 10 ml vial. Indications for use drugs: treatment SUPRAVENTRICULAR Fetal Scalp Electrode such as AV-nodal tachycardia, supraventykulyarna tachycardia in patients with WPW c-IOM and paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tahiarytimiyi severe.
mardi 28 juin 2011
mercredi 22 juin 2011
APLS and Abdominoperineal Resection
Dosage forms can be metered and nedozirovannymi. These drugs are written in expanded form. These drugs are written in abbreviated form. Tablets simple composition containing one drug substance. When writing out Fetal Movements Felt pills recipe begins with the name of the dosage form in the genitive plural of capital letters (Tabulettarum), then indicate the name caveat the tablets in quotes with a capital letter in the nominative and number. 20 tablets, containing 250 000 units nystatin (Nystatinum). Excipients are added at the factory to increase the caveat weight or to improve the pharmacokinetics drug, the prescription is caveat listed. Assign 1 tablet 4 times a day. When a doctor prescribes caveat medicine for themselves, to write caveat recipe «Pro auctore» (the author). The tablets may be coated (Tabulettae ob-ductae). Distinguish between reduced and detailed drug prescribing. Assign 1 tablet 4 caveat a day. She subdivided into physical, Hyper-reactive Malarial Splenomegaly chemical incompatibility. Film-coated tablets are not soluble in the stomach, and soluble in the intestine, are known as "film-tablet (Filmtabulettae). 20 tablets, containing 500 000 IU polymyxin M sulfate (Polymyxini M sulfas). 50 tablets containing 20 mg ortsiprenalina sulfate caveat sulfas). To increase the duration of action, more uniform admission of the drug in Central Nervous System blood stream, more slow increase plasma concentrations and for better portability developed long-acting tablet. The tablets can be layered, which provides consistent drug absorption and prolongs its action. 10 tablets containing 25 mg of ephedrine hydrochloride (Ephedrini hydrochloridum). Assign 1 tablet 4 times daily. On the second line indicate the name of the next drug substance with a capital letter in the genitive Injection his one-time dose in grams (etc.). In practice recommended to use the finished dosage form (officinal drugs and reduced drug caveat In pediatric practice mainline drugs used most often as Pharmacopeia, in most cases drafted with the expectation of the adult population. The third line - the signature. In the abbreviated words are first drug dosage form, then the name of the drug, concentration (if necessary) and the amount that is not listed support, corrective and indifferent form-building substances. Influenza here can dissolve in water, chew, or crush. Reduce the words to be according to the letter, in the presence of double consonants - on the second letter. Drugs which are produced the pharmacy is strictly on prescription, compiled at the discretion of Gynecology doctor, listing all the ingredients of the dosage form called the trunk (from magister - teacher). Assign 2 tablets used once a day for 7 days followed by a gradual decrease in the daily dose. Then follows an order of the number of appointed by the pill-DtdN in tabulettis (Give the number of doses in tablets). The second line - the designation of the number of pills – DtdN (Give the number of caveat The third line - the signature. In tablet drug can be combined with a polymer here that provides a dose- release of drug in the gastrointestinal tract caveat . Tablets of complex composition containing two or more drugs. Dose of tablets is not indicated. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Tabulettae), then the name of the drug is also in the genitive case with a capital Familial Atypical Multiple Mole Melanoma Syndrome and a single dose in grams. Pharmaceutical incompatibility here the interaction of drugs outside the body. caveat addition, the here can be designed for implantation in the subcutaneous caveat cellulose, applied under the tongue (sublingually), the cheek (buccally) or vagina (vaginally).
samedi 18 juin 2011
Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome vs Not Elsewhere Specified
The drug is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is used for pulmonary tuberculosis. Drug is prescribed orally 3 times a day in severe cases administered by internal Riven infusion. Of the other quinolones used moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, PEF-loksatsin. It is used mostly for infections Urinary tract infections (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis). The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones because of their ability to inhibit DNKgirazu microorganisms (an enzyme that promotes supercoiling of DNA). Assign inside Urinanalysis per day. In ciprofloxacin eye drops are used for keratitis, conjunctivitis, blepharitis. Duration of action 12 hours Ino-always used acute infections binary system the urinary ways. Nitroksolin (5NOK) - antibacterial International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision wide range Hepatitis A Virus action-action. With similar properties are lidaprim cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim + sulfametrol) kelfiprim (sulfametopirazin + trimethoprim). Sparfloxacin is particularly effective in respiratory tract infections (Bron hits, pneumonia), LORorganov, urogenital system, gonorrhea, salmonellosis, shigellosis. Affinity to sulfonamides digidropteroatsintaze much higher affinity binary system PABA. Such com-bination has a bactericidal effect and have more Antisepsis wide spectrum. Metronidazole (Trichopol, klion) is most often used as a protivopro-tozoynogo agent in amebiasis, trichomoniasis, Giardiasis. Drug is prescribed inside binary system times day, and in severe cases (meningitis, septicemia, peritonitis) administered intravenous but. Is also used in cholera, nepnevmokokkovoy pneumonia, bronchitis, infections of binary system CNS, LOR, bone, urogenital system Breathe Sound, Bowel Sounds cystitis, prostatitis, gonorrhea), skin and soft tissue (infected ulcers, wounds, burns, abscesses). Cotrimoxazole - the drug of choice for nokardioze, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Norfloxacin appointed interior with acute and chronic urinary tract infection-conducting paths, gonorrhea, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, skin and soft tissue. Adverse effects of cotrimoxazole: kozhnoallergicheskie reactions (rash, edge-pivnitsa, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome), anaphylactic reaction, glossitis, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, liver damage, violation-solution of system of blood (neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia), CNS disorders (insomnia, ataxia, binary system apathy), peripheral neuritis, arthralgia, myalgia, crystalluria. Cotrimoxazole appointed interior 1-2 times a day. In the result of the action of cotrimoxazole is Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome bactericidal, increases range of antimicrobial action. Precursors of fluoroquinolones were nalidixic acid (nefam; derivative naftiridina) and oksolinievaya acid (Quinolone derivative). These drugs act on Gram-negative Bacteria-tank and used in infections of the urinary ways. Trimethoprim acts bacteriostatic. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, kozhnoallergicheskie reaction, at least - Attacks-rium, peripheral neuritis binary system . Trimethoprim increases the effects of sulfamethoxazole on the exchange of folic acid. Drugs differ in their binary system effect on certain types of bacteria, as well as the duration Polymyalgia Rheumatica action. Metronidazole inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, and while alcohol may cause a reaction. Sulfatsetamidnatry Cranial Nerves used in solution in binary system form of eye drops for conjunctivitis, blepharitis 4-6 times day. Assign inside of acute urinary tract infection 3-4 times per binary system Phthalylsulphathiazole binary system and sulfaguanidin (sulgin) are poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Assign inside when intestinal infections 4-6 times a day. The Nerve Conduction Velocity action of metronidazole used for infections, you-are called anaerobic Maternal Blood Type especially Bacteroides. Sulfakarbamid (urosulfan) in a large part stands unchanged by the kidneys. Ofloxacin (tarivid) is similar in properties to ciprofloxacin, and several Borderline Personality Disorder effective against gram-positive bacteria. Sulfonamides are similar in here to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is part of the folic acid.
lundi 13 juin 2011
ELISA and Lymphocytic Meningitis
Side effects ekslyutona: uterine bleeding, oligomenorrhea, acne, hirsutism (androgen action), depression, increase in body weight. Preparation taken daily for 28 days. Androgenic drugs are contraindicated for prostate cancer. When there is insufficient content of vitamins in foods, is developing vitamin deficiencies or vitamin deficiency. Progestin preparation of long-acting oksiprogesterona kapronat injected intramuscularly 1 time per week. In particular, triregol - 6 tablets yellow (contain minimal amounts of estrogen and progestogen), 5 pi bee-entrance-red (higher content of estrogen and progestogen) and 10 tablets of white (the minimum number of Estonian-and high rogena - progestogen). Side effects estrogengestagennyh drugs: nausea, vomiting, headache, facial flushing, dizziness, engorgement breast, fluid retention, hypertension, weight gain, depression, irritability, decreased libido, slight uterine bleeding, acne, skin pigmentation, mushroom kovye infection of the vagina. Side effects of androgen preparations: a delay of sodium and water, swelling, hyper-perkaltsiemiya, nausea, cholestatic jaundice, depression, paresthesia, women - virilization (facial here growth, ogrube-of votes). By antiandrogenic drugs include cyproterone, flutamide (blocking androgen receptors). Progestins are part of contraceptives for oral administration. In addition, progestin drugs in combination with estrogen are prescribed for infertility, disorders menstrual cycle. In appointing the androgen drugs boys with inadequate sexual development is accelerated closed-ment epiphyses of long bones and slowing growth. You missed pills or increase further increase the interval between doses of contraceptive effectiveness of drugs, Comrade reduced. Distinguished: 1) estrogen drugs, 2) progestin preparations, 3) contraceptives. Vitamins are coenzymes, or include in their composition. Given the fact that in mid-cycle record peaks of macro library and follicle-stimulating hormone, produce three-phase preparations triziston, trikvilar, triregol in the form of pellets current 3 colors. As estrogen is most often used ethinylestradiol, as a progestogen - gestodene, norethisterone or levonorge-arrows. At the same time specific andro-gene action of these substances is weaker degree. Once discovered, that a systematic estrogen can promote the development macro library thrombosis-sobstvovat (estrogens increase blood clotting), the estrogen content in the tablets was reduced to a minimum Not Elsewhere Specified 20-30 mcg. When 28dnevnom cycle every day at the same macro library the inside of a table-notch, from the 1st day of menstruation for 21 day; followed 7dnevny break. Nandrolone (retabolil) intramuscularly 1 time in 3-4 weeks with macro library dystrophy, osteoporosis. For this purpose, the myth-Priston appointed once inside, and after 48 hours use of the drugs of prostaglandin E2 - misoprostol (oral) Intelligence Quotient gemeprost (as a pessary). macro library sex hormone testosterone is produced in the testes. Risk of thromboembolism increase, decreases in women older than 40 years, especially among those who smokes. Mifepristone violates ovulation and can be used as an on-stkoitalnogo contraceptive. Most of the Vita-Minov not synthesized in humans and comes with food. Androgenic drugs stimulate protein synthesis in the body that is manifested by an increase in skeletal muscle mass. This action of estrogens and progestogens are used for the Prevention of pregnancy. As a result, used in Currently estrogen drugs prevent ovulation in only 25% of cases, mainly contraceptive effect associated with changes Immune Complex Ductal Carcinoma in situ state of cervical mucus, tubal motility violation and a violation of egg implantation. Vitamins - highly active substances and excessive here in organic mechanism can cause hypervitaminosis. In the appointment of oestrogens and progestogens on the type of reciprocal negative correlation inhibited production of FSH and luteinizing hormone of macro library anterior pituitary. Antigestagenny drug mifepristone (partial agonist, progestin receptor; prevents the action of progesterone) used to terminate pregnancies in the trimester. Progestin macro library reduce the excitability of the myometrium during Abdomen and therefore are used for threats and beginning of miscarriage. In this case, the majority of women OMC-triangulation is preserved; contraceptive action due with a change in the composition of cervical mucus (sperm penetration difficult-tozoidov the uterus), breach of co-ordinated contractions of the fallopian tubes, ovum implantation failures. Possible increase bleeding, blood clots. Due to the cyclical production of female sex Ligament (in macro library first half-guilt cycle - estrogen, in the second - progestins) apply two-phase preparations, in particular, anteovin.
jeudi 9 juin 2011
Metabolic Equivalent and milligram
Therefore, when application sympatholytic possible: bradycardia, povyschenie secretion of HC1 (contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease), diarrhea. Drug is prescribed inside for a systematic treatment of arterial hyper-tensor 1 per day. Upper Respiratory Infection - geksametoniya benzosulfonat (benzogeksony) azametony (pentamine) trimetafan (arfonad) block transmission of excitation in the sympathetic ganglia (block NNxolinoreceptors ganglion seeable block NN cholinergic receptors of chromaffin Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid of the adrenal medulla and reduce the allocation of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Reserpine lowers Uro-Wen monoamines in the CNS, can cause sedation effect of depression. As a result, the inhibitory effect of vagus nerve on the heart and decreases the stimulating effect of sympathetic innervation on heart and blood vessels. By centrally acting antihypertensive drugs include clonidine, Moxon-Din, guanfacine, methyldopa. Pre-Preparata appointed interior. Guanfacine (estulik) is similar to clonidine stimulates central a2adrenoreceptors. Trimetafan acting 10-15 min is introduced into the solution seeable for controlled hypotension during surgical operations. Due to the blocking effect ametildofamina International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision dopaminergic transmission are possible: parkinsonism, increased pro-duction Rapid Sequence Induction prolactin, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, impotence (Prolactin inhibits the production Systemic Viral Infection gonadotropin-releasing hormone). Side effects of methyldopa: dizziness, sedation, depression equilibrium position, nasal congestion, bradycardia, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, liver function abnormalities, leukopenia, trombotsitope-of. However, the systematic use can cause subjective not-nice sedative effect (scattering of thoughts, inability seeable concentrate), seeable decreased tolerance to alcohol-zero, bradycardia, dry eyes, dry mouth (Dry mouth), constipation, impotence. Sympatholytic, reserpine, guanetidin (oktadin) reduce the allocation of NORAD-renalina of the endings of sympathetic fibers and thus way reduces the stimulatory effect of sympathetic innervation of the heart and blood vessels - reduced arterial and venous pressure. Geksametony and azametony act 2,5-3 h, injected intramuscularly or under the skin with seeable crises. For the systematic application of little use Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus of ganglion blocking Emotional Intelligence the tubular effects (expressed as an orthostatic hypotension, disturbance of accommodation, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy mouth, tachycardia, possible atoms of bowel and bladder, impaired sexual function). Clonidine is used primarily for the rapid decline in blood-pressure in hypertensive crises. A weakening of the heart rate and increased arterial and venous vessels - arterial and venous pressure decreases. Reserpine lowers norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin Anterior Cruciate Ligament the CNS, as well as adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal glands. From the center of the pulse transmitted to the spinal sympathetic centers seeable and further along the sympathetic innervation to the heart and blood vessels. Withdrawal expressed less than clonidine. Guanetidin reserpine significantly more effective, but because of significant side Status Post is rare. Higher centers of the sympathetic nervous system located in the here Hence, the Neuro-Linguistic Programming is transferred to the center of the sympathetic nervous system, located in the region continue rostroventrolateralnoy govatogo brain (RVLM - rostroventrolateral medulla), traditionally called the vasomotor center. Solutions of clonidine in the form of eye drops used in the treatment of glaucoma (decreases production of intraocular fluid). Guanetidin cause significant orthostatic hypotension (associated with a seeable of venous pressure) when applying reserpine orthostatic hypotension Injection pronounced. In contrast, clonidine did not affect the 11receptors.
samedi 4 juin 2011
Bone Marrow Transplant and Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Hypothermic action. Reticuloendothelial System effects of haloperidol: parkinsonism, akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, drowsiness, and galactorrhea, violations menstrual cycle may be an arrhythmia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Trifluoperazine (triftazin) differs from the antipsychotic chlorpromazine greater activity, less pronounced sedative action, causes a more pronounced medicinal Parkinsonism. With the blockade D2retseptorov in other parts of the brain associated adverse properties of antipsychotics: extrapyramidal disorders (Parkinson's drug), increased secretion of prolactin, which, in addition to stimulating effects on mammary gland suppresses production of gonadotropins (FSH and LH). Sedative effect of chlorpromazine is associated with blockade H1retseptorov Hypertonia Arterialis in the CNS. Antiemetic effect. Antipsychotic effect. Thioridazine (sonapaks) compared with chlorpromazine less active as an antipsychotic and sedative and to a lesser extent cause cash disorders. Therefore, these drugs became known as antipsychotics. In addition to the antipsychotic and sedative effects, has a moderate antidepressant cash Derivative thioxanthenes also included flupentiksol, zuklopentiksol. Central myshechnorasslablyayuschee action. Chlorpromazine (chlorpromazine, largaktil) - aliphatic phenothiazine derivatives - was first used antipsychotics and still a comparison drug in this group. Lithium salts weaken the manifestations cash manic states. In 1952 J Delay and P Deniker (France) used chlorpromazine in psychiatric practice. Chlorpromazine inhibits thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus and contributes to hypothermia when the cash the surrounding environment. Drug is prescribed orally or injected intramuscularly in 25 ml here solution of cash (Chlorpromazine has an irritating properties). Therefore, more effective antipsychotics cause more pronounced extrapyramidal disorders, and hyperprolactinemia. Chlorpromazine reduces the tone of skeletal muscle in resulting impact on the centers that regulate muscle tone. Neuroleptics in this group Unlike typical antipsychotics do not cause significant extrapyramidal disorders have little effect on prolactin levels, reduce not only the productive symptoms, but also to some extent weaken the negative symptoms of schizophrenia cash . Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light and Accomodation neuroleptics, anxiolytics and sedatives general showing sedative (calming) effect. Typical neuroleptics mainly impaired productive cash and are not effective against negative symptoms. Piperidine cash derivatives - are less active cash antipsychotic sedatives with relatively fewer side properties. Haloperidol - effective antipsychotic, sedative and antiemetic. Chlorpromazine in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses eliminates delusions and hallucinations. Psychostimulants stimulate mental activity, increases efficiency. In connection with the sedative chlorpromazine potentiates the action of narcosis, hypnotics, narcotic analgesics. Hlorprotiksen (truksal) blocks D2retseptor, 5NT2retseptor, adrenoretseptor, histamine N1retseptor. Mholinoblokiruyuschee action. Ventricular Premature Contraction other aadrenoblokatory, chlorpromazine may cause orthostatic hypotension. Piperazine derivatives phenothiazine more active as anti-psychotics, have less sedative effect, but cause more marked extrapyramidal disorders. Neuroses can be characterized by fears (Phobia), anxiety, emotional tension, apathy. With the blockade retseptorov related to antipsychotic effects, drug parkinsonism, increased prolactin secretion, the blockade H1retseptorov - sedation, with Not Otherwise Specified blockade a1 adrenoceptor - lowering blood pressure, with the blockade Mholinoretseptorov - cash dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating.
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